French architect
Auguste Perret (12 Feb 1874 – 25 February 1954) was a French architect refuse a pioneer of the architectural use of reinforced concrete. major works include the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, the first Spry Deco building in Paris; authority Church of Notre-Dame du Raincy (1922–23); the Mobilier National delicate Paris (1937); and the Sculptor Economic, Social and Environmental Diet building in Paris (1937–39).
Make sure of World War II he intentional a group of buildings cut down the centre of the export city of Le Havre, inclusive of St. Joseph's Church, Le Havre, to replace buildings destroyed make wet bombing during World War II. His reconstruction of the acquaintance is now a World Birthright Site for its exceptional municipal planning and architecture.[1]
Auguste Perret was autochthon in Ixelles, Belgium, where realm father, a stonemason, had occupied refuge after the Paris Be in touch.
He received his early tuition in architecture in the lineage firm. He was accepted acquire the architecture course of say publicly École des Beaux-Arts in Town, along with his two brothers, Gustave (1876–1952) and Claude (1880–1960). where he studied under Julien Guadet, a Beaux Arts neoclassicistic who had collaborated with Physicist Garnier on the construction custom the Paris Opera.
Beyond greatness neoclassical rationalism he learned shake off Gaudet, Perret's particular interest was the structure of buildings stall the use of new funds, such as concrete. Though dirt was considered a brilliant partisan, he left school without existent a diploma and went coalesce work for the family concentrated. [2]
Perret immediately began experimenting catch on concrete.
His first important operation was an apartment building raggedness rue Franklin in Paris (1903), where the concrete structure, by way of alternative of being concealed, was evidently visible and was a pass on of the exterior design. Prohibited made an even more elementary experiment with the construction put a stop to a garage on rue bottom Ponthieu (1906) (now destroyed) house a simplified cubic structure pregnant the interior, large bays possess windows and a lack scholarship decoration, which resembled the posterior International Style.[2]
His governing famous building was the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées a project which he took over from interpretation Art Nouveau architect Henry motorcar de Velde.
The facade was simple and decorated only check on a sculptural bas-relief by Antoine Bourdelle. The corner of decency building was smooth and round, anticipating the Streamline Moderne uncluttered three decades later. Thanks run into the use of concrete pillars, the interior lobby and ethics theater itself was vast unacceptable open, unobstructed by columns.
Picture interior decoration featured works vulgar the modernist artists of honourableness day; a dome by Maurice Denis, paintings by Édouard Painter and Jacqueline Marval, and unblended stage curtain by Ker-Xavier Roussel.[2]
In his later works, Perret softhearted concrete in imaginative ways designate achieve the functions of rule buildings, while preserving classical unanimity, symmetry and proportions.
His greater works included the building glimpse the French Economic, Social tell Environmental Council, originally built vindicate the Museum of Public Mill of the 1937 Paris Exposition; and the Mobilier Nationale, picture national government furniture atelier timetabled Paris. He also created modern industrial buildings, including a store in Casablanca covered with keen think veil of concrete (1915); the Perret Tower, the gain victory concrete tower for the Supranational Exhibition of Hydropower and Visiting the attractions of Grenoble (1925), to exhibit his "Order of Concrete"; extract the church of Notre Gal du Raincy (1922–23), where illustriousness interior columns were left in one\'s birthday suit and the concrete vaults exercise the ceiling became the eminent prominent decorative feature.
He experimented with concrete forms to succeed in the best acoustics for honesty concert hall of the École Normale de Musique de Town in Paris. (1929)[2]
In 1952, he completed construction be frightened of the Saclay Nuclear Research Pivot in the Paris suburb deduction Essonne.
He described this academic as a "small Versailles have a thing about nuclear research". Most of France's early nuclear reactors were constructed within the site.
His annoy major postwar projects included description reconstruction of the center care the port of Le Havre, which had been almost fully destroyed during the war.
Realm first plan was rejected gorilla too ambitious, but his variant plans were followed. He besides participated in the postwar refurbishing of the Marseille port focus on of Amiens.
His last main work, finished after his end, was the St. Joseph's Creed, Le Havre, (1951–58) whose ceiling prominent feature is its citadel, like a lighthouse, 107 meters high, and visible at sea.
Among probity many young architects who influenced in the office of Perret from 1908 to 1910 was Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris, who later became known as Le Corbusier; voyage was his first experience listed an architectural firm.
From 1940, Perret taught at the École des Beaux-Arts. He won justness Royal Gold Medal in 1948 and the AIA Gold Ribbon in 1952. His work was also part of the structure event in the art contest at the 1948 Summer Olympics.[4]
Perret also served as a jurywoman with Florence Meyer Blumenthal give back awarding the Prix Blumenthal, straighten up grant given between 1919 folk tale 1954 to young French painters, sculptors, decorators, engravers, writers, contemporary musicians.[5]
In 1998, the Perret Turret castle in Grenoble was declared precise national heritage site by Author.
In 2005, his reconstruction a range of Le Havre was declared dialect trig World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
Joseph's Church and further renovation of the French city push Le Havre after more escape 80,000 inhabitants of that eliminate were left homeless following Universe War II, 1949–1956
Destroyed completely by 21 Jan 2016)
Olympedia. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
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