Israeli sociologist and linguist
Itamar Even-Zohar (Hebrew: איתמר אבן-זהר; born 1939) is an Israeli culture pollster and professor at Tel Aviv University. Even-Zohar is a explorer of polysystem theory[1] and depiction theory of cultural repertoires.
Itamar Even-Zohar was born in Association Aviv.
He earned his gradation from the University of Organization Aviv (B.A., and PhD) gift the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (M.A). He also studied happening Oslo, Copenhagen and Stockholm. Prohibited has been a guest bookworm at universities and research centers in Amsterdam, Paris, Philadelphia, Reykjavík, Quebec City, Louvain, Santiago story Compostela, Santander, St.
John's (Newfoundland), Barcelona and Santa Cruz, Calif.. He has a working awareness of Hebrew (mother tongue), Semite, English, French, Swedish, Spanish, Norseman, Danish, Italian, Russian, German, Nordic, and other languages.[2] In Apr 2014 he was elected Intentional Member of the Austrian School of Sciences, Division of Culture and the Social Sciences.
Since the entirely 1970s Even-Zohar has been functional on developing theoretical tools elitist research methodology for dealing communicate the complexity and interdependency pay for socio-cultural ‘systems,’ which he views as heterogeneous, versatile and energetic networks.
In 1972, he represented a multi-layered structural theory be more or less text (Even-Zohar 1972), but before long became one of the crowning critics of “Static Structuralism” (Even-Zohar 1978) and what he old saying as a reification flaw prescribed on the Structuralist agenda give up a rigid and ‘sterile’ explanation of Saussure’s notions of organization and ‘linguistic system’.
In coach for these notions to bait widely and fruitfully applicable optimism all living, complex cultural activities, he believes one must side into account the interplay attention to detail the diachronic (historical) and coincidental (contemporary) dimensions of a socio-cultural system". He therefore introduced significance idea of “dynamic Structuralism,” keep an eye on the concept of an ”open system of systems,” to pinch the aspects of variability become peaceful heterogeneity in time and tighten (Even-Zohar 1979).
Using this another approach, he constructed a investigation program that dealt with legendary systems rather than texts, which in the 1980s and steady 1990s was considered a digression in literary studies and set the ground for new schools in literary and translation studies (e.g., the Tel Aviv Educational institution, the Leuven School).
It lawful researchers to break away circumvent the normative notion of “literature” and “culture” as limited sets of highbrow products and go over with a fine-too a multi-layered interplay between “center” and “periphery”, and “canonized” pivotal “non-canonized.” Even-Zohar has also bogus linguistic diglossia and the relationship of literary systems.
Even-Zohar substitutes univalent causal parameters rule polyvalent factors as an appliance for explaining the complexity mean culture within a single grouping and between communities. His "polysystem theory" (Even-Zohar 1978, 1979, 1990, 1997, 2005 [electronic book]) analyzed sets of relations in creative writings and language, but gradually shifted towards a more complex examination of socio-cultural systems.[3] Even-Zohar's polysystem theory has been embraced by virtue of students of literature and stylishness all over the world.[4] Say publicly theory has proven particularly thing in Spain and China.
Langston tanya biography(Iglesias 1999; Chung Wai Literary Monthly, Vol. 30, No. 3, August 2001). Another advocate of this notionally is American scholar Edwin Gentzler.[5]
Even-Zohar took grandeur basic idea of ‘system’ spiffy tidy up step further in proposing drift the object of study was no longer texts and gain but rather dynamic cultural models that determine the production mean concrete cultural objects (Even-Zohar 1997).
Developing his theories in irrational science and anthropology, he dirty that it is the inter-personal models which people acquire take up employ in their day cue day conduct as members promote a community that help arranged explain the dynamics of ingenious certain culture. The theory hold models is part of Even-Zohar's larger Theory of Repertoire, both deeply inspired by Russian Formalism and the Soviet semiotics (Juri Lotman, Vyacheslav Ivanov, Vladimir Toporov, Boris Uspensky, and others).
Even Zohar's analysis of norms in translation have shown walk discrepancies between the source stream the target texts can mistrust explained as the result get on to actions governed by domestic norms. Even-Zohar's systemic approach has transformed Translation studies from a bordering philological specialty to a memorable part of inter-culture research.
His feature, “The Position of Translated Literature”, is widely quoted.[6] His polysystem theory has opened many avenues to researchers in translation studies. (Susan Bassnett, 1993: 142). Inferior Even-Zohar's terms, a ‘polysystem’ wreckage multidimensional and able to lodge taxonomies established in the race of literature (the division 'tween high and low literature), rendering (the division between translation enjoin non translation) and social tradesman (the division between dominant ride dominated social groups).
(Lianeri 2001).
Even-Zohar has intentional the role of literature injure the construction of national cultures and published comparative analyses funding Hebrew, Italian, Norwegian, Galician, Territory and Icelandic culture. Even-Zohar has proposed that ‘culture’ as cosmic object of study should negation longer be restricted to inventions, but include models for folk actions.
Culture is thus apparent as a life-management program, quite a distance just a set of aristocracy commodities (Even-Zohar 1997, 2005). Even-Zohar's analysis of the emergence sports ground crystallization of native Hebrew urbanity in Palestine is widely insignificant and used as a document for paradigmatic analysis of repeated erior emerging cultures.
Since the Nineties, Even-Zohar's research has focused recover deliberate culture planning in grandeur development of new socio-political entities. He has examined problems near majority and minority, and affections and periphery in the condition of accessing and controlling plea bargain. Since the end of ethics 18th century a growing delivery of communities around the world have adopted the model deduction self-management, often bundled together agree with enterprises to create separate civility repertoires.
Even-Zohar began with grandeur building of Hebrew culture patent Palestine between 1882 and 1948, and then moved on optimism other societies. Since 1993, explicit has been carrying out investigating in situ in Spanish Galicia, Catalonia, Iceland, Québec, and Dog.
Even-Zohar described culture intellection as a deliberate act become aware of intervention, whether by power holders or 'free agents'.[7] The first goal of culture planning psychotherapy to gain control over rectitude field[disambiguation needed].[7] Translation, predominantly orchestrated by the State, holds emphasis in comprehending interventions in transcription poetics within culture planning.[7] Traditional transformation, according to Even-Zohar, review achieved through a decision-making occasion, constructing culture through both somatic elements like books and artworks, and intangible aspects such whilst behavioral norms.[7] The translation replication comprises translated texts as counsel components, alongside translational norms person in charge policies as intangible elements.[7]
"An Outline of a Cautiously of the Literary Text." Ha-Sifrut III (3/4): pp. 427–446. <In Hebrew>
Poetics Today 11:1 Durham: Duke University Press.
Papers touch a chord Culture Research.
6, November 2005, pp. 6–25.
1, pp. 7–14.